The Basic and Translational Science stream addresses recent progress in diabetes research ranging from experimental models to mechanistic studies in humans. The topics are selected regarding ground-breaking evidence for novel findings and regarding their relevance to future application in diabetes management.

Learning objectives
Having attending this stream´s sessions, the participants will have:

• Cutting-edge knowledge on diabetes development and progression
• Expertise in new methods and biomarkers of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
• Comprehensive information on novel mechanisms leading to diabetes comorbidities
• Insights into novel subtypes of (pre)diabetes and their role for stratified prevention and treatment of diabetes

This stream focuses on latest advancements in understanding diabetes subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and personalised treatment approaches.

Learning objectives
After attending the sessions in the Classification of diabetes and differential management of diabetes stream, the participant will be:

• Understand the dynamic classifications of diabetes, exploring various subtypes and their implications for refined diagnosis and management.
• Learn about the latest diagnostic criteria and tools, enabling healthcare professionals to identify different forms of diabetes with precision and accuracy.
• Gain practical insights on applying strategies for tailoring diabetes management based on individual patient characteristics, ensuring more effective and targeted treatment plans.
• Stay informed about cutting-edge research in diabetes classification and management, recognising the potential impact on clinical practices and patient care.
• Acquire skills to better understand and apply refined classification methods and personalized management approaches, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of diabetes care.
• New possible criteria for the early diagnosis of diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia: a Position Statement from IDF.

Technology is now positioned in the center of routine diabetes management. Artificial Intelligence uses Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data for automated insulin dosing in Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) systems for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and in Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for all other glucose management in different clinical situations. CGM is the preferred diabetes management tool by individuals with diabetes; however, its accessibility in different regions remains a barrier that needs focused attention. Several Apps using CGM, connected pens and/or other inputs help with daily diabetes management and stimulate necessary behavioral modifications  in individuals with intermittent hyperglycemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.

Learning objectives
A participant will acquire the following specific knowledge:

• Routine clinical use of Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) systems in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and pregnancy complicated with T1D
• Routine use of CGM and Connected pens in Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) therapy
• The use of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Apps for routine diabetes management in different settings
• The clinical use of CGM, Apps and additional technology in individuals with intermittent hyperglycemia and obesity for behavioral modification
• Current information on advanced developments in diabetes technology
• CGM use in Type 2 Diabetes not on insulin treatment

The Diabetes Complications stream will address recent progress in both clinical and both basic research in the area of not only microvascular complications of diabetes (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) but also cardiovascular disease.  It will also explore the increasing connection between “Cardio Diabetes” and “Cardio Renal Diabetes” and the use of modern medications that might be of assistance in these particular areas.

Learning objectives
After attending session in the Diabetes Complications stream, the participant will be:

• Updated in latest research in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes complications.
• Will be updated in recent developments in evidence-based management of diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot problems.
• Will understand the impact of artificial intelligence and smart technology particularly in the area of diabetic retinopathy screening.
• Understand that it is essential to screen for all microvascular and macrovascular complications in all patients with diabetes at least on an annual basis as these may be silent in their early stages.
• Be updated in changes of screening and methodology during this decade.
• Understand the impact of late complications of diabetes on people with diabetes quality of life and their impact on aspects of daily living and how it might affect other family members.

By attending this stream’s session, participants will acquire knowledge on:

• Current status of type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevention and the different approaches undergoing for such purpose. Currently, there is no proven way to prevent T1D although promising results have been obtained.
• Ongoing efforts to explore strategies for prevention of T1D in the early manifestations of hyperglycaemia are available. This starts from:
  *identification of subjects with biomarkers of autoimmunity to allow early intervention to prevent beta cell destruction.
  *Different immunotherapy trials are now ongoing in subjects with early signs of hyperglycaemia that modulate the immune system to prevent and delay extensive beta cell destruction.
  *The long term maintenance of C-peptide secretion is the goal of these novel forms of therapy.
• The issue of new drugs use for CVD prevention in type 1 diabetes

This stream will focus on health systems and policies that affect diabetes care, and most importantly people living with diabetes. There will be a focus on both the wider funding of healthcare in general, and on policies that impact diabetes care at a micro and macro level. 

Learning objectives
After attending the sessions in the Public Health and Policy stream, the participant will be able to:

• Learn about trends at a governmental level on funding mechanisms
• Understand how policies affect diabetes care
• Understand how the most effective health systems deal with funding and provision challenges
• Learn about innovative policies that lead to better diabetes care
• Hear about how people with diabetes contribute to effective policy making and influence

This stream focuses on all aspects related to diabetes education, self-management and diabetes support, with a particular focus on diabetes care delivered by healthcare providers, peers, families or communities, as well as diabetes management systems/models integrated into diabetes tools with diabetes detection, blood glucose monitoring, diet or physical activity. All this improved by diabetes technology.

Diabetes technology: historically divided into two main categories: insulin delivered by syringe, pen, patch, or pump (also called continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) and glucose assessed by monitoring Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), diabetes technology has expanded to include automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, in which CGM-based algorithms modulate the insulin administration, connected insulin pens, as well as diabetes self-management software serving as medical devices. Diabetes technology, when combined with education, monitoring and support, can improve the lives and health of people with diabetes; However, the complexity and rapid evolution of the diabetes technology landscape may also pose a barrier to implementation for people with diabetes, their care partners, and the care team.

Learning objectives

• Teach people how to live with diabetes.
• Optimize training course design
• Focus on diabetes education or care with emphasis on
  *diabetes detection
  *screening for complications (microvascular, macrovascular, co-morbidities for multidisciplinary and integrated care (NCD framework in primary health care (WHO-PEN / WHOPEN-PLUS: and
• Utilize both classic and improved tools
• Overcome language barriers
  *develop or offer educational programs and materials in culturally adaptive languages for improving their cultural competency, addressing health literacy, and ensuring communication with language assistance

This stream deals with updates on recent research and advances on the epidemiology of diabetes diagnosis, complications and prevention, the public health challenges being faced and how to prevent and deal with them.

Learning objectives

After attending the sessions in the Epidemiology and Public Health stream, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the importance of rigorous methodology when undertaking epidemiology studies
• Recognise the gaps in epidemiology research that need to be filled
• Understand how to overcome current and emerging challenges to metabolic health
• Describe how current epidemiological data can be used to help shape future policy and healthcare implementation
• Translate successful strategies from projects presented into future prevention and management programmes
• How artificial intelligence can add to epidemiology and public health

This stream will focus on the best evidence to treat and prevent diabetes and related conditions among women, including hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) and its long-term effects on mother and child.  

Learning objectives
After attending the sessions in the Diabetes in Women stream, the participant will be able to:

• Identify key issues deserving special attention in the care of women with diabetes.
• Use current best evidence to inform health policy and clinical decision-making for issues related to diabetes in women.
• Understand that HIP is a common condition associated with higher incidence of maternal morbidity, perinatal and neonatal morbidity, and long-term consequences for both mother and child.
• Consider a life-course approach to the prevention of diabetes and its complications focused on the prevention and treatment of HIP. 

This stream gives an in-depth perspective of people living with diabetes.  Diabetes is about me! I am the key to successfully managing my diabetes. The stream will share real life experiences of diabetes acceptance, education and understanding, self-management, prevention of complications, support and advocacy.

Learning objectives

After attending the sessions in the Living with Diabetes stream, the participant will be able to:

• Educate, motivate, and support people with diabetes to achieve better health outcomes
• Overcome challenges to improve compliance in:
  • Healthy eating
  • Physical activity and sport
  • Monitoring
  • Managing complications (and preventing costly complications).
• Recognise the lifestyle changes required and difficulties to achieve them
• Share experiences of support systems and solutions that work
• Use technology to assist with daily routines to achieve self-management goals
• Identify and analyse barriers and enablers to empowerment and positive self-care
• Understand how peer-to-peer support can be used in routine medical practice
• Understand that different ages need different models of care